Homophobic propaganda is organized social and political activity (public speech, public behavior, meetings and actions), based on negative and intolerant attitudes towards gays, lesbians, bisexuals and transgender people. Such propaganda supports anti-gay prejudices and stereotypes, and promotes social stigmatisation and/or discrimination. The term "homophobic propaganda" was used by the historian Stefan Micheler in his work Homophobic Propaganda and the Denunciation of Same-Sex-Desiring Men under National Socialism,[1] as well as other works treating the topic.[2]
In some countries, some forms of homophobic propaganda are considered hate speech and are prohibited by law. In Russia, such propaganda can also be treated as illegal, because laws in Russia explicitly prohibit hate speech against any social group (not explicitly mentioning sexual orientation), and LGBT can be considered as distinct social group.[3] But law specialists generally agree that in Russia the law is not working from a practical standpoint. Cases of criminal punishment for anti-gay, nationalistic or other xenophobic hate speech are rare in Russia.[4]
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Political attitudes towards homosexuals in Nazi Germany was based on the assumption that homosexuals were destroying the German nation as "sexual degenerates". Historian Erwin J. Haeberle, in his work Swastika, Pink Triangle and Yellow Star: The Destruction of Sexology and the Persecution of Homosexuals in Nazi Germany, dates the first appearance of this political attitude to 14 May 1928.[5]
In Russia, it is illegal to commit crimes against someone based on their sexual orientation . Responsibility for it is established item 136 and item 282 of the criminal code of the Russian Federation. Experts, however, notice that cases of criminal prosecution for hate crimes are rare and almost never lead to serious punishment.
In 1981, Norway became the first country to establish a criminal penalty (a fine or imprisonment for up to two years) for public threats, defamations, expressions of hate, or agitation for discrimination against LGBT persons.[6]
On July 1, 1987 in the Netherlands joined the Dutch Penal code, which established punishment for public defamations on the basis of sexual orientation as fees or imprisonment for up to two years.[7]
In 1989 in Ireland a resolution against anti-gay hate speech came into effect. It establishes penalty in the form of fees or imprisonment for up to two years for publication or distribution of materials which contain defamations, threats, hate speech or offenses for LGBT people. The law is occasionally taken into effect.[7]
On 2 March 1993 in New South Wales, Australia, an amendment to the antidiscrimination law came into effect which prohibits public hate speech, despisement or deridement of homosexuals. A legal exclusion is an information which is distributed for educational, religious, scientific or social purposes.[8]
On 10 December 1999 an analogous amendment was accepted by Tasmanian parliament, which permits no exclusion.[9]
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